0

Dry seed

01

Start of imbibition

03

Imbibition complete

05

Radicle emerged from seed

07

Coleoptile emerged from seed

09

Leaf just at coleoptile tip

Seedling growth

10

First leaf through coleoptile

11

First leaf unfolded

12

2 leaves unfolded

13

3 leaves unfolded

14

4 leaves unfolded

15

5 leaves unfolded

16

6 leaves unfolded

17

7 leaves unfolded

18

8 leaves unfolded

19

9 or more leaves unfolded

Tillering

20

Main shoot only

21

Main shoot and 1 tiller

22

Main shoot and 2 tillers

23

Main shoot and 3 tillers

24

Main shoot and 4 tillers

25

Main shoot and 5 tillers

26

Main shoot and 6 tillers

27

Main shoot and 7 tillers

28

Main shoot and 8 tillers

29

Main shoot and 9 or more tillers

Stem Elongation

30

Pseudo stem erection

31

1st node detectable

32

2nd node detectable

33

3rd node detectable

34

4th node detectable

35

5th node detectable

37

Flag leaf just visible

39

Flag leaf ligule/collar just visible

Booting

41

Flag leaf sheath extending

45

Boots just swollen

47

Flag leaf sheath opening

49

First awns visible

Inflorescence emergence

50

First spikelet of inflorescence visible

53

1/4 of inflorescence emerged

55

1/2 of inflorescence emerged

57

3/4 of inflorescence emerged

59

Emergence of inflorescence completed

Anthesis

60

Beginning on anthesis

65

Anthesis half-way

69

Anthesis completed

Milk development

71

Kernel watery ripe

73

Early milk

75

Medium milk

77

Late milk

Dough development

83

Early dough

85

Soft dough

87

Hard dough

Ripening

91

Kernel hard (difficult to divide with thumbnail)

92

Kernel hard (no longer dented with thumbnail)

93

Kernel loosening in daytime

94

Overripe, straw dead and collapsing

95

Seed dormant

96

Viable seed giving 50% germination

97

Seed not dormant

98

Secondary dormancy induced

99

Secondary dormancy lost